MAHLI data sets

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam EDRs are considered Level 2 or Edited Data (equivalent to NASA Level 0). The EDRs are reconstructed from Level 1 or Raw Data.

Processing

After receipt on Earth, processing at JPL begins with the reconstruction of packetized telemetry data (raw telemetry packet SFDUs with CFDP headers) into depacketized binary data products and associated Earth metadata files. MMMEDRGEN combines the Earth metadata with additional data extracted from the binary data files to create an EDR with the corresponding label. (SFDU - Standard Formatted Data Unit; CCSDS - Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; CFDP - CCSDS File Delivery Protocol)

Data

The EDRs produced contain raw, uncalibrated data and have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the EDR formatted products.

There are 9 image data types (6 images, 3 thumbnails) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub-sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The EDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded, 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Thumbnails are produced by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into a smaller image which is then JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images are ever sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different image product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
A	Image	Raster	16
B	Image	Raster	8
C	Image	Lossless	8
D	Image	JPEG gray	8
E	Image	JPEG 422	24
F	Image	JPEG 444	24
G	Thumbnail	Raster	8
H	Thumbnail	JPEG gray	8
I	Thumbnail	JPEG 444	24

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products.

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam EDRs are considered Level 2 or Edited Data (equivalent to NASA Level 0). The EDRs are reconstructed from Level 1 or Raw Data.

Processing

After receipt on Earth, processing at JPL begins with the reconstruction of packetized telemetry data (raw telemetry packet SFDUs with CFDP headers) into depacketized binary data products and associated Earth metadata files. MMMEDRGEN combines the Earth metadata with additional data extracted from the binary data files to create an EDR with the corresponding label. (SFDU - Standard Formatted Data Unit; CCSDS - Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; CFDP - CCSDS File Delivery Protocol)

Data

The EDRs produced contain raw, uncalibrated data and have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the EDR formatted products.

There are 8 video data types (5 images, 3 thumbnails) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub-sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The EDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded, 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Thumbnails are produced by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into a smaller image which is then JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images are ever sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different video product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
J	Video	Raster	8
K	Video	Lossless	8
L	Video	JPEG gray	8
M	Video	JPEG 422	24
N	Video	JPEG 444	24
O	Thumbnail	Raster	8
P	Thumbnail	JPEG gray	8
Q	Thumbnail	JPEG 444	24

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products.

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam EDRs are considered Level 2 or Edited Data (equivalent to NASA Level 0). The EDRs are reconstructed from Level 1 or Raw Data.

Processing

After receipt on Earth, processing at JPL begins with the reconstruction of packetized telemetry data (raw telemetry packet SFDUs with CFDP headers) into depacketized binary data products and associated Earth metadata files. MMMEDRGEN combines the Earth metadata with additional data extracted from the binary data files to create an EDR with the corresponding label. (SFDU - Standard Formatted Data Unit; CCSDS - Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; CFDP - CCSDS File Delivery Protocol)

Data

The EDRs produced contain raw, uncalibrated data and have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the EDR formatted products.

There are 4 z-stack data types (2 images, 2 thumbnails) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub-sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The EDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded, 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Focus merge images are always JPEG 444 color images based on the 2 to 8 source images.

Range maps are always grayscale JPEG images. See Table 4.4-5 of the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on interpretation of the values in a range map product.

Thumbnails are produced by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into a smaller image which is then JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images are ever sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different z-stack product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
R	Focus Merge Image	JPEG 444	24
S	Range Map Image	JPEG gray	8
T	Focus Merge Thumbnail	JPEG 444	24
U	Range Map Thumbnail	JPEG gray	8

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products.

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam RDRs are considered Level 4 or Resampled. The RDRs are created from EDR images and contain irreversibly transformed data due to the nature of JPEG decompression.

Processing

After extracting and decompressing (if needed) EDR products, 4 RDR products are created for each EDR. These are generated from validated data. The products are:

1. decompressed and radiometrically calibrated (16-bit),
2. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, and color corrected (8-bit),
3. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, and geometrically linearized (16-bit), and
4. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, color corrected, and geometrically linearized (8-bit).

Data

The RDRs produced have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the RDR formatted products.

There are 9 image data types (6 images, 3 thumbnails) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub- sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The RDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Thumbnails are created by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into an 1/8th sized image, and can then themselves be JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images can be sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different image product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
A	Image	Raster	48
B	Image	Raster	48
C	Image	Lossless	48
D	Image	JPEG gray	16
E	Image	JPEG 422	48
F	Image	JPEG 444	48
G	Thumbnail	Raster	16
H	Thumbnail	JPEG gray	16
I	Thumbnail	JPEG 444	48

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products and RDR processing.

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam RDRs are considered Level 4 or Resampled. The RDRs are created from EDR images and contain irreversibly transformed data due to the nature of JPEG decompression.

Processing

After extracting and decompressing (if needed) EDR products, 4 RDR products are created for each EDR. These are generated from validated data. The products are:

1. decompressed and radiometrically calibrated (16-bit),
2. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, and color corrected (8-bit),
3. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, and geometrically linearized (16-bit), and
4. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, color corrected, and geometrically linearized (8-bit).

Data

The RDRs produced have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the RDR formatted products.

There are 8 video data types (5 images, 3 thumbnails) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub- sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The RDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Thumbnails are produced by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into a smaller image which is then JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images are ever sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different video product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
J	Video	Raster	48
K	Video	Lossless	48
L	Video	JPEG gray	16
M	Video	JPEG 422	48
N	Video	JPEG 444	48
O	Thumbnail	Raster	16
P	Thumbnail	JPEG gray	16
Q	Thumbnail	JPEG 444	48

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products and RDR processing.

Data Set Overview

This data set contains image products acquired by the MAHLI instrument.

This data set uses the Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) data level numbering system. The MSL Mastcam RDRs are considered Level 4 or Resampled. The RDRs are created from EDR images and contain irreversibly transformed data due to the nature of JPEG decompression.

Processing

After extracting and decompressing (if needed) EDR products, 2 RDR products are created for each EDR. These are generated from validated data. The products are:

1. decompressed and radiometrically calibrated (16-bit),
2. decompressed, radiometrically calibrated, and color corrected (8-bit).

Data

The RDRs produced have detached PDS-compliant labels. The Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification contains a detailed description of the RDR formatted products.

There are 2 zstack data types (1 image, 1 thumbnail) that can be wrapped into the original data format that is transferred from the cameras. Some of these are compressed in a format which can reproduce an image identical to the original image on the instrument (lossless compression), some are transferred in lossy format, some are full-scale and others sub-sampled (the only sub-sampled is by a factor of 8, used to produce thumbnail images). The RDR data file includes the camera mini-header generated by the camera, followed by original image data as formatted by the camera.

Not including sub-framing, Mastcam can take a variety of image data formats and accomplish this by internal processing. The cameras always acquire raw 12-bit data. Normally, the 12-bit raw data are converted from 12-to-8-bits through the use of a variety of companding (compress/expand) lookup tables, the most generally used being a modified square-root encoding scheme that allocates additional values to low DNs. These companded 8-bit images can then be processed either immediately, and stored into each camera's 8-Gbyte buffer, or they can be stored unprocessed in the buffer, and then later processed in response to downlink commands. It is this flexibility that leads to the complexities of the raw data format and its description.

Focus merge images are always JPEG 444 color images based on the 2 to 8 source images.

In addition to the 12-to-8-bit companding, on-board processing includes the following capabilities: Bayer pattern interpolation, lossless compression, and JPEG compression. Except for thumbnails, the cameras do not support sub-sampling or resampling, but do support sub-framing.

Thumbnails are produced by creating a scratch JPEG image, and extracting the lowest order coefficients of the discrete cosine transform 8x8 pixel compression block, or minimum compression unit (MCU), which is essentially the average of the 8x8 spatial domain MCU. These coefficients are then assembled into a smaller image which is then JPEG compressed. The extraction of these coefficients is the only way Mastcam images are ever sub-sampled.

The following is a table of the different zstack product types generated by Mastcam which are contained within the raw camera data record.

Type	Product	Format	Pixel bits
R	Focus Merge Image	JPEG 444	48
T	Focus Merge Thumbnail	JPEG 444	48

Refer to the Mast Camera (Mastcam), Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Experiment Data Record (EDR) and Reduced Data Record (RDR) PDS Data Products Software Interface Specification for further details on the Mastcam data products and RDR processing.